Okay! Good picture to start with the basics of shopping for what you may need/want!
Need and want are often combined with what we WANT to pay, so knowing the language is a good place to start.
This label; is what I expect to see on most any battery we find as it tells us the details.
You have a group 24. that will let you shop a size that fits that same space in the same way. All group 24 should have the same outside length, width , and height! Then for details DC means deep cycle. Probably more lead and it can give longer use than one that is not deep cycle.
This type battery is made especially to do both start a motor, so the 690 would be good to crank and start a big outboard motor. On your RV, there will be one battery used to start the engine and it likely has near the 700 amps rating. Big diesel engines need bigger cranking amps than a small engine.
Since this is a marine use battery, it gets "hybrid" specs. The last spec is how long you can use power (in theory!)
In a perfect world we could expect to use 1 amp of power for 101 hours! But lots of things that change that number, so more try to give us some numbers to shop. Temperature, how old and how they have been treated all change how much we can get out! Like your old battery? It might have3 good specs when new but if it is old and water gets too low, the numbers stop working!
Good part of AGM is how the water is less work to keep steady and I'm a real fan of them!
The start battery and coach need different specs to get the best value.
Cold weather may mean we need lots of the CCA reading to get a big, half frozen engine to crank long enough to start.
But the coach battery is not using a high burst of power but more a slow trickle where we want longer (larger)
amp hours!
My first battery use was in an area where we often spoke of **** freezing over, so I like big start batteries. Here in Texas. I'm prone to having start batteries that may be too big! If minus 30 sounds familiar, go for big CCA!
Then the coach batteries can have more choices as they depend much more on how you use the RV. If you go out in the woods with no hookups, lots of amp hours (AH) will let you run the furnace longer for overnight, etc.
But we no longer do that and lower amp hours may be cheaper if we just drive from one hookup site to the next? More amp hours is better but not if I have to pay for it!
Some ideas on cabling and it may not match the exact route for where the drawings show and what you find. cables get changed over the years and often just get put where it seems quicker!
What the drawings show:
Main rule is negatives of all batteries connect to the big buss ground bar on the frame.
Positive of start battery goes to chassis items like starter, etc. NOT combined with coach positives! Maybe a big fuse in line?
What I see from your pictures for start battery cables:
And coach cables?
Coach positives connect to other coach positive and possible big fuse before going on out to coach items.
At some point both coach and start will have cables that go to big posts on a solenoid. Likely away from this picture but the solenoid is what connect the two battery groups together at different times like when we drive. That connection lets the engine alternator charge BOTH start and coach as we drive!
Not to let that confuse you if you trace a cable from each battery to the one single solenoid. Looks like a silver can on many RV!
One point on driving to places with no coach battery? Make sure the cables are wrapped up or isolated with something before starting if the coach battery cables are loose!
Power from the engine goes to that solenoid and when we have the engine running contacts close and pass power to the coach cables going to those batteries! If the cable end is loose at the battery and gets over to metal, sparks fly! Tape an old rag on it, etc. to keep it safe!
Take a look when you get to it and see if that makes sense? No rush here and I fully understand folks get busy.