Scrap only if very damaged! I started in RV with the sort that was almost junk level and found it just was not practical to replace things like vents if they could be patched! But then it does take a bit to learn to sort carefully before spending money we don't have!
When faced with a vent that leaks, I would look at the condition of the vent and decide if it is too weathered to expect it to last if I repair it. One way to get some info is to pull the inner liner/trim inside to get a better look at where water may show up inside. When water runs in, it tends to leave some traces of water stains or color. Understanding how the roof is made up is good as there are different ways to build an RV roof and they may each need a bit different repair or sealing trick.
Fiberglass tends to be easier than metal and I "think" you may be into the fiberglass era? My path would be to pull the inside trim off as a way to get a better look, as well as checking from the outside. Water marks or color may let you spot an exact point where the caulk is not doing the job. But if looking from the outside, look for signs like cracks or visibe gaps. Depending on who and how any repairs have been done, you may spot a big glob of some kind and it may be obvious it has broken loose from the main roof.
My methods are almost certain to be in conflict with what others do, so just consider this what I do, not the only way!!!
My likely move would be to do some extra work as a way to let me rest easier before it needs it again! I finding doing it right once suits me better than doing it over sooner! One reason I prefer the cheap and easy standard silicone is that I can do it without the concern of spending much more and I find it lasts far better with less effort if I go a few extra to do it to what I feel works best.
One way to help feel it will last is to do more work now to have "layers" of defense. Not more caulk in one place to build a stack where if one point breaks loose or fails, water gets in, but an outside seal which tends to weather as well as an inside seal that is out of the sun and weather. At things like lights, I may also plug the hole around the wires that go through the roof!
Try to think like a raindrop is a good plan!
On a roof vent, if it looks like the water is getting in there, I likely would pull the whole thing out of the roof, put caulk all around the hole, before putting it back. That means the caulk with get spread and mashed to fit any lumps or differences in the joints between the vent and roof as you screw it back down. This will be out of sight and more of the cheap stuff that works easier is my plan. Then when the vent is in place, I add a thin line of caulk at the meeting edge and use a finger to wipe it down smooth. Not too much pressure but just enough to make it look semi-nice without forming any sort of dip or hollow where rain might catch and stay long enough to find a way in!
One good way to cause a problem is leaving a big ridge so caulk that lets water stand long enough to figure how to get in. You want the end job to make water move away, not stand and think about it too long!
But before doing the new caulk, there are a few big things to know about silicone. It sticks very well to CLEAN things! But it WILL not stick to dirty things or old caulk!
So I have gone to using an oscillatilling tool as a way to save time and effort as well as avoid damage I might do.
This is good for me, but lots of personal choice there!
For lots of home use but for RV and caulk, it lets me use a thin scaper blade with no teeth to get down against the surface where I can get the old caulk off in a hurry without gouging the roof! I find I can actually go deep enough to scrape the algea off without taking the paint off!
Then I scrub it really good with rubbing alcohol to get it CLEAN. Caulk will stick to dirt but if the dirt comes off the roof, you wasted your time!
Don't forget to seal any exposed screw heads that are left showing!
On older RV, I fight long and hard before replacing things that may not look the best but if the RV is not going to be a long term item, I save the money when possible. Just my nature!
But I also have tons of time to waste on some project or another!